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雅思学术题组阅读练习题17

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This reading practice simulates one part of the IELTS General Reading test. You should spend about twenty minutes on it. Read the passage and answer questions 13-26.

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Sometimes referred to as the “Holy Grail” of modern studies in biology, the ambitious Human Genome Project is estimated to cost over £2 billion. In fact, many consider this to be one of the biggest scientific projects undertaken since the Apollo Programme landed a man on the moon. Unlike the re...
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Questions 13-19
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? In boxes 13-19 on your answer sheet, write

YES   if the statement reflects the claims of the writer
NO   if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN   if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

13. Not everyone is enthusiastic about the Human Genome Project

14. The human genome consists of 3 million letters of genetic text

15. To date, more than 4,000 disorders of haemoglobin have been identified.

16. A genetic defect can be treated with drugs

17. Unborn children can be tested for genetic diseases offering reassurance to parents

18. The Human Genome Project is also concerned with looking at what makes us what we are

19. Because of the Human Genome Project eventually all of today’s diseases will be eradicated

The answer is YES. In the second paragraph, it is stated: "Nonetheless, there are some critics of the project who fear a darker outlook for the outcome of the project". This shows that not everyone is enthusiastic about the Human Genome Project, as some people have concerns or fears. This directly supports the answer YES because it reflects that not everyone has a positive view of the project.

Associated Text:
"Nonetheless, there are some critics of the project who fear a darker outlook for the outcome of the project, with some going as far as to claim that it could lead to 'Frankenstein' monsters of hybrid DNA, or worse, a rise in the popularity of inhumane practices such as eugenics."

The answer is NO. The third paragraph states: "our genome contains more than 3 billion letters, filling about 7,000 volumes of printed pages." The statement in the question says "3 million letters," which contradicts the passage. The correct number is 3 billion, not 3 million.

Associated Text:
"our genome contains more than 3 billion letters, filling about 7,000 volumes of printed pages."

The answer is NOT GIVEN. While the passage in paragraph four states, "Over 4,000 other single-gene defects have also been found to afflict humans," it does not specify that these defects are exclusively related to haemoglobin. Therefore, it is impossible to determine from the passage whether more than 4,000 disorders of haemoglobin have been identified.

Associated Text:
"Over 4,000 other single-gene defects have also been found to afflict humans."

The answer is NO. In the fifth paragraph, it says: "These single-gene disorders are not considered diseases by our conventional understanding, as there is no way for us to administer a cure for them. Instead, the defect is pre-programmed into every cell of the body by its genetic code." This clearly demonstrates that genetic defects cannot be treated with drugs, contradicting the claim in the question.

Associated Text:
"These single-gene disorders are not considered diseases by our conventional understanding, as there is no way for us to administer a cure for them. Instead, the defect is pre-programmed into every cell of the body by its genetic code."

The answer is YES. The fifth paragraph says, "These scientific advances could provide medical professionals with new ways to screen parents who could be at risk of transmitting such a single-gene defect to potential offspring. Fetuses tested while in the womb may then be found free of any possible genetic defects." This shows that unborn children can be tested for genetic diseases, offering reassurance to parents.

Associated Text:
"These scientific advances could provide medical professionals with new ways to screen parents who could be at risk of transmitting such a single-gene defect to potential offspring. Fetuses tested while in the womb may then be found free of any possible genetic defects."

The answer is YES. The sixth paragraph states: "There are supporters who have made extravagant claims – stating that at the most fundamental level, the Project will allow us to discover what it is to be human." This demonstrates that the Human Genome Project is also concerned with looking at what makes us what we are.

Associated Text:
"There are supporters who have made extravagant claims – stating that at the most fundamental level, the Project will allow us to discover what it is to be human."

The answer is NO. In the passage, it states: "New knowledge generated by the Human Genome Project may allow humanity to break free from the many debilitating diseases if applied with care." However, it does not claim that "all of today’s diseases will be eradicated." The passage only suggests some diseases could be addressed, not all.

Associated Text:
"New knowledge generated by the Human Genome Project may allow humanity to break free from the many debilitating diseases if applied with care."

Questions 20-23
Look at the following Statements (Questions 20-23) and A list of categories below.

Match each statement with the correct category

Write the correct number A-D in boxes Questions 20-23 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.
A list of categories
  1. the writer's fears about the Human Genome Project
  2. other people's fears about the Project reported by the writer
  3. the writer's reporting of facts about the Project
  4. the writer's reporting of the long-term hopes for the Project

20. The correct order and inter-relation of all genetic data in all DNA will be mapped.

21. Being 'human' may be defined solely in terms of describable physical data.

22. The Project will provide a new understanding of major diseases.

23. People may be discriminated against in new ways

The answer is C. In the second paragraph, it states: "This project aims to map, then examine each and every individual gene within the double helix in human DNA. As a result, a new human anatomy will come to light... a comprehensive blueprint for human DNA." This is a factual report about what the Project will do, placing the statement under the reporting of facts category.

Associated Text:
"This project aims to map, then examine each and every individual gene within the double helix in human DNA. As a result, a new human anatomy will come to light -- not the skeleton, the muscles, or the nerves -- but, for the first time, a comprehensive blueprint for human DNA."

The answer is B. In the sixth paragraph, it discusses how some supporters make claims about the Human Genome Project revealing "what it is to be human." The passage continues, "Those concerned with this emphasis... fear such a discovery could instead twist our sense of values..." The fear about being 'human' being defined in purely physical terms is reported as the opinion of others, not the writer's own view.

Associated Text:
"There are supporters who have made extravagant claims – stating that at the most fundamental level, the Project will allow us to discover what it is to be human. Those concerned with this emphasis on humanity’s genetic constitution fear such a discovery could instead twist our sense of values, and urge researchers to remember that human life is more valuable than expressions of genetics written in the chemistry of DNA."

The answer is D. In the first paragraph, it says: "it is likely to result in many developments in health and medicine long before its ultimate completion. Those working within the Human Genome Project speak of its potential contribution to breakthroughs in cancer, heart disease..." This reporting of long-term hopes aligns with category D.

Associated Text:
"it is likely to result in many developments in health and medicine long before its ultimate completion. Those working within the Human Genome Project speak of its potential contribution to breakthroughs in cancer, heart disease, autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, as well as many psychiatric illnesses."

The answer is A. In the seventh paragraph, the writer expresses fears about the negative potential of the Human Genome Project: "if such information falls into the wrong hands, it may pose a threat to many, giving rise to new forms of discrimination or oppression." This is the writer's own fear about the outcomes of the Project.

Associated Text:
"However, if such information falls into the wrong hands, it may pose a threat to many, giving rise to new forms of discrimination or oppression."

Questions 24-26
Complete the short answers below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in 24-26 on your answer sheet.

24. how many books would be required to write out the human genome on paper?

25. What is the commonest genetic disorder among Caucasians?

26. What is the most common single-gene disorder in the world?

The answer is 7000. Paragraph three includes: "our genome contains more than 3 billion letters, filling about 7,000 volumes of printed pages." This directly answers how many books would be required to write out the human genome on paper.

Associated Text:
"our genome contains more than 3 billion letters, filling about 7,000 volumes of printed pages."

The answer is Cystic fibrosis. In the fourth paragraph, it states: "an error in a single 'word' — or a gene – can have drastic effects on the human body, resulting in genetic conditions such as cystic fibrosis, one of the most common among Caucasians."

Associated Text:
"an error in a single 'word' — or a gene – can have drastic effects on the human body, resulting in genetic conditions such as cystic fibrosis, one of the most common among Caucasians."

The answer is Thalassaemia. In the same paragraph, the passage states: "errors can lead to the most common single-gene disorder in the world: thalassaemia." This clearly identifies thalassaemia as the most common single-gene disorder worldwide.

Associated Text:
"errors can lead to the most common single-gene disorder in the world: thalassaemia."

Answer Sheet
1
N/A
2
N/A
3
N/A
4
N/A
5
N/A
6
N/A
7
N/A
8
N/A
9
N/A
10
N/A
11
N/A
12
N/A
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
N/A
28
N/A
29
N/A
30
N/A
31
N/A
32
N/A
33
N/A
34
N/A
35
N/A
36
N/A
37
N/A
38
N/A
39
N/A
40
N/A
分数总览
0 / 1
Multiple Choice
Matching Sentence Endings
Note Completion
Table Completion
Flow Chart Completion
Summary Completion
Multiple Selection
Short Answer
Matching Headings
Matching Features
Matching Information
Identifying Information
Identifying Viewer Claims
Sentence Completion
Diagram Labelling
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Tips to improve your reading speed
To get a high score on the IELTS reading section, you need to have a fast reading speed. To have a fast reading speed, you need to improve your vocabulary and practice dissecting sentences. One strategy to dissect a sentence is to look for the subject and verb of the sentence. Finding the subject and verb will help you better understand the main idea of said sentence. Keep in mind, a common feature of a IELTS reading passage is to join strings of ideas to form long compound sentences. This produces large chunks that students have a hard time absorbing. Do not get overwhelmed by its length, just look for the subject and verb, the rest of the ideas will flow.

Keep in mind, having a slow reading speed makes skimming or scanning a reading passage more difficult. The process of quickly skimming through a reading passage for specific keywords or main ideas is a requirement for you to employ successful reading strategies to improve your IELTS reading score. In other words, skimming and scanning are critical skills to ensure you complete all questions in the allotted time frame.
IELTS Reading Strategies
Once you can read and comprehend a passage with a rate of, at least, 220 words per minute, you'll be ready to start implementing our strategies. All too often, students spend too much time reading the passages and not enough time answering the questions. Here is a step by step guide for tackling the reading section.

  1. Step 1: Read questions first

    One of the most common mistakes that candidates make when approaching the reading exam is reading every single word of the passages. Although you can practice for the exam by reading for pleasure, "reading blindly" (reading without any sense of what the questions will ask) will not do you any favors in the exam. Instead, it will hurt your chances for effectively managing your time and getting the best score.

    The main reason to read the questions first is because the type of question may determine what you read in the passage or how you read it. For example, some question types will call for the "skimming" technique, while others may call for the "scanning" technique.

    It is important to answer a set of questions that are of the same question type. You'll need to determine which question type you want to tackle first. A good strategy would be to start with the easier question type and move on to more difficult question types later. The Easiest question types are the ones where you spend less time reading. For example, the Matching Heading question type is an easier one because you only need to find the heading that best describes the main idea of a paragraph. An example of a difficult question type would be Identifying Information. For this question type, you'll need to read each paragraph to find out if each statement is TRUE, FALSE, or NOT GIVEN according to the passage.

    Here is a table that lists the difficulty levels for each question type. Use this table as a reference when choosing which question type you want to tackle first.

    Difficulty level Question Type
    Easy Sentence Completion
    Short answer
    Medium Matching Features
    Multiple choice
    Matching Headings
    Summary, Table, Flow-Chart Completion
    Difficult Matching Sentence Endings
    Matching Information
    Identifying Information (TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN)
    Identifying Viewer's claims (YES/NO/NOT GIVEN)

  2. Step 2: Read for an objective

    After you've read the questions for the passage, you will be able to read for an objective. What does this mean? For example, if you come across a question that includes the year "1896", you can make a note of when this year comes up in the text, using it to answer the question later on. There are two reading techniques that will help you stay on track with reading for an objective. The first one, skimming, is best defined as reading fast in order to get the "gist", or general idea, or a passage. With this technique, you are not stopping for any unfamiliar words or looking for specific details. The second technique, scanning, is best defined as reading for specific information. With this technique, you are not reading for the overall gist, but rather, specific information. Notice how each of these techniques has a specific objective in mind. This will help you find information more quickly.

  3. Step 3: Take notes

    As you're reading for an objective, you should also be making notes on the margins of the passage, placing stars next to key information, or underlining things that you believe will help you answer the various questions. This will make it easier for you to check back when you are asked certain things in the questions. Choose whichever note-taking system is right for you - just make sure you do it!

  4. Step 4: Answer wisely

    After you've read the questions, read the passage, and have taken any appropriate notes, you you should have located the part of the text where you where you need to read carefully. Then just read carefully and think critically to determine the correct answer.

IELTS Reading Question Types

The IELTS reading test contains many different question types:

Matching HeadingsIELTS Reading Lesson: Matching Headings
Matching InformationIELTS Reading Lesson: Matching Information
Matching FeaturesIELTS Reading Lesson: Matching Features
Summary CompletionIELTS Reading Lesson: Summary Completion
Identifying InformationIELTS Reading Lesson: Identifying Information
Identifying Writer's claimsIELTS Reading Lesson: Identifying Writer's claims
Multiple ChoiceIELTS Reading Lesson: Multiple Choice
Short AnswerIELTS Reading Lesson: Short Answer
Match Sentence EndingIELTS Reading Lesson: Match Sentence Ending
Sentence CompletionIELTS Reading Lesson: Sentence Completion
Table CompletionIELTS Reading Lesson: Table Completion
 
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