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IELTS® Academic Reading Practice 27

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This reading practice simulates one part of the IELTS General Reading test. You should spend about twenty minutes on it. Read the passage and answer questions 27-40.

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Section AGlobalization, the process by which businesses or other large organizations develop influence internationally, has become a major trending discussion throughout the past decade. More than ever before, globalization is spreading information, people, and new ideas across borders throughout th...
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Questions 27-32
The reading passage has six sections, A-F.

Choose the correct heading for sections A-F from the list of headings below.

Write the correct number i-x in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.

List of Headings
  1. Economic Findings
  2. Understanding Challenges
  3. Comparing Global Areas
  4. Financial Matters
  5. Long-Term Environmental Outlook
  6. Power of the West
  7. Short-Term Problems
  8. Democracy: Not Right for All
  9. Nominating a Global Leader
  10. Understanding  Universalism

27. Section A

28. Section B

29. Section C

30. Section D

31. Section E

32. Section F

The answer is ii. Section A focuses on the challenges of globalization, especially with respect to environmental values and the difficulties in finding universal ethical standards. The key sentence is, "With this in mind, it is necessary to realize the challenges in order to present possible methods to combat these differences in understanding." This shows that Section A is about understanding the challenges relating to globalization and ethical differences, not about economic findings, comparing global areas, or other topics listed in the headings.

Associated Text:
"With this in mind, it is necessary to realize the challenges in order to present possible methods to combat these differences in understanding."

The answer is x. Section B defines universalism in the context of environmental issues and describes its implications and criticisms. The text says, "universalism can be defined as a law that applies to all human beings everywhere regardless of their race, gender, nationality, culture, or religion." This clear focus on understanding the meaning and impact of universalism on environmental law matches heading x: 'Understanding Universalism.'

Associated Text:
"...universalism can be defined as a law that applies to all human beings everywhere regardless of their race, gender, nationality, culture, or religion."

The answer is iii. Section C discusses the differences between Western and Eastern traditions and how these affect the possibility of finding common ground on environmental issues. Important phrases such as, "When comparing the hemispheres, there are drastic differences that can seriously hinder any advancement in finding common ground regarding environmental issues" show that the section is about comparing global areas, especially East and West.

Associated Text:
"When comparing the hemispheres, there are drastic differences that can seriously hinder any advancement in finding common ground regarding environmental issues."

The answer is vi. Section D discusses the power held by Western nations (especially in terms of global managerialism), the proposal for transnational governance, and the criticism that Western factors should not mandate universal guidelines. The content directly relates to the influence and power of the West and links with heading vi: 'Power of the West.'

Associated Text:
"However, critics argue that factors in the Western Hemisphere should not mandate universal guidelines (no matter how specific or adjustable they can be), based on their power within the global community, as it can undermine other nations as well as their individual factors."

The answer is viii. Section E specifically addresses the United States' efforts to spread democracy and describes it as one of the most ethnocentric nations. The passage argues that these efforts may harm rather than help global partnerships and may not be suitable for all cultures, which supports heading viii: 'Democracy: Not Right for All.'

Associated Text:
"With this in mind, if nations in the Western Hemisphere ultimately decide to enact a universal environmental regulation across borders, it could potentially harm its partnerships within the global community, as the affected nations may feel inadequate when striving to achieve foreign ideals."

The answer is ix. Section F raises the issue of global power dynamics, the likelihood of a 'natural' leading power (likely from the Western Hemisphere), and how the global hierarchy affects international relations. The content centers around selecting or nominating a global leader, directly matching heading ix: 'Nominating a Global Leader.'

Associated Text:
"Another idea related to this theme is that the global community's understanding of its hierarchy can lead to the selection of a “natural” leading power. In this case, the option would most likely involve nations in the Western Hemisphere."

Questions 33-40
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? In boxes 33-40 on your answer sheet, write

YES   if the statement reflects the claims of the writer
NO   if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN   if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

33. Globalization is not the reason for the dissemination of ideas across borders.

34. Universalism is not necessarily an answer for each country's environmental problems.

35. Confucianism does not have as many followers when compared to the Abrhamic tradition.

36. If the West proposed a universal environmental regulation for all countries, it would be the best solution for all nations.

37. Political perceptions contained by ethnocentric nations are as skewed as they are narrow in scope.

38. Establishing an all-encompassing environmental directive would aid in uniting partnerships and promoting equality across the international community.

39. Suspicions rising from decisions made by countries in the Western Hemisphere are not solely to blame for the potential economic demise of necessitous areas.

40. A “natural” leading power will most likely be selected in Europe.

The answer is NO. Section A explicitly states, "More than ever before, globalization is spreading information, people, and new ideas across borders throughout the global community." This contradicts the statement in the question, so the answer is NO.

Associated Text:
"More than ever before, globalization is spreading information, people, and new ideas across borders throughout the global community."

The answer is YES. Section B explains, "Moreover, this understanding undermines a nation's specific cultural standing on environmental issues. Critics of this idea point out that universalism not only depreciates the unique values held by each country but that it is unfair..." This shows universalism is not necessarily suitable for every country, so the answer is YES.

Associated Text:
"Moreover, this understanding undermines a nation's specific cultural standing on environmental issues. Critics of this idea point out that universalism not only depreciates the unique values held by each country but that it is unfair in its expectations for smaller, economically disadvantaged countries."

The answer is NOT GIVEN. There is no information in Sections A–F comparing the number of followers of Confucianism and the Abrahamic tradition. The passage discusses their influence on cultural attitudes but not their relative size.

Associated Text:
[No supporting text; the information is not given in the passage.]

The answer is NO. Section D states, "However, critics argue that factors in the Western Hemisphere should not mandate universal guidelines (no matter how specific or adjustable they can be), based on their power within the global community, as it can undermine other nations as well as their individual factors." This shows the writer does not claim a universal regulation from the West would be the best solution for all.

Associated Text:
"However, critics argue that factors in the Western Hemisphere should not mandate universal guidelines (no matter how specific or adjustable they can be), based on their power within the global community, as it can undermine other nations as well as their individual factors."

The answer is NOT GIVEN. Section E discusses the narrow view of ethnocentric nations but does not equate 'skewed' perceptions with being 'narrow in scope.' The passage does not make this direct claim or comparison.

Associated Text:
"That is, it has been believed to understand other cultures based on its own society's preconceived notions, which originated in the standards and customs of its own history. Scholars suggest that ethnocentric nations do not necessarily act with malicious intent, but rather, do not act with the most holistic view of the international community."

The answer is NO. Section E specifically says, "With this in mind, if nations in the Western Hemisphere ultimately decide to enact a universal environmental regulation across borders, it could potentially harm its partnerships within the global community, as the affected nations may feel inadequate when striving to achieve foreign ideals." This means the statement in the question is contradicted by the text.

Associated Text:
"With this in mind, if nations in the Western Hemisphere ultimately decide to enact a universal environmental regulation across borders, it could potentially harm its partnerships within the global community, as the affected nations may feel inadequate when striving to achieve foreign ideals."

The answer is YES. Section F states, "According to the U.S National Intelligence Council's article, Global Trends 2025: A Transformed World, the multiplicity of influential factors, along with a strong distrust of actions taken by nations in the Western Hemisphere, could ultimately eliminate the possibility for growth in economically disadvantaged areas of the globe." This shows distrust is not the sole reason for potential economic problems.

Associated Text:
"According to the U.S National Intelligence Council's article, Global Trends 2025: A Transformed World, the multiplicity of influential factors, along with a strong distrust of actions taken by nations in the Western Hemisphere, could ultimately eliminate the possibility for growth in economically disadvantaged areas of the globe."

The answer is NOT GIVEN. Section F mentions, "the global community's understanding of its hierarchy can lead to the selection of a 'natural' leading power. In this case, the option would most likely involve nations in the Western Hemisphere." While some European countries are in the Western Hemisphere, the text does not directly state the leader will be European or in Europe.

Associated Text:
"the global community's understanding of its hierarchy can lead to the selection of a 'natural' leading power. In this case, the option would most likely involve nations in the Western Hemisphere."

Answer Sheet
1
N/A
2
N/A
3
N/A
4
N/A
5
N/A
6
N/A
7
N/A
8
N/A
9
N/A
10
N/A
11
N/A
12
N/A
13
N/A
14
N/A
15
N/A
16
N/A
17
N/A
18
N/A
19
N/A
20
N/A
21
N/A
22
N/A
23
N/A
24
N/A
25
N/A
26
N/A
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Score Summary
0 / 1
Multiple Choice
Matching Sentence Endings
Note Completion
Table Completion
Flow Chart Completion
Summary Completion
Multiple Selection
Short Answer
Matching Headings
Matching Features
Matching Information
Identifying Information
Identifying Viewer Claims
Sentence Completion
Diagram Labelling
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Tips to improve your reading speed
To get a high score on the IELTS reading section, you need to have a fast reading speed. To have a fast reading speed, you need to improve your vocabulary and practice dissecting sentences. One strategy to dissect a sentence is to look for the subject and verb of the sentence. Finding the subject and verb will help you better understand the main idea of said sentence. Keep in mind, a common feature of a IELTS reading passage is to join strings of ideas to form long compound sentences. This produces large chunks that students have a hard time absorbing. Do not get overwhelmed by its length, just look for the subject and verb, the rest of the ideas will flow.

Keep in mind, having a slow reading speed makes skimming or scanning a reading passage more difficult. The process of quickly skimming through a reading passage for specific keywords or main ideas is a requirement for you to employ successful reading strategies to improve your IELTS reading score. In other words, skimming and scanning are critical skills to ensure you complete all questions in the allotted time frame.
IELTS Reading Strategies
Once you can read and comprehend a passage with a rate of, at least, 220 words per minute, you'll be ready to start implementing our strategies. All too often, students spend too much time reading the passages and not enough time answering the questions. Here is a step by step guide for tackling the reading section.

  1. Step 1: Read questions first

    One of the most common mistakes that candidates make when approaching the reading exam is reading every single word of the passages. Although you can practice for the exam by reading for pleasure, "reading blindly" (reading without any sense of what the questions will ask) will not do you any favors in the exam. Instead, it will hurt your chances for effectively managing your time and getting the best score.

    The main reason to read the questions first is because the type of question may determine what you read in the passage or how you read it. For example, some question types will call for the "skimming" technique, while others may call for the "scanning" technique.

    It is important to answer a set of questions that are of the same question type. You'll need to determine which question type you want to tackle first. A good strategy would be to start with the easier question type and move on to more difficult question types later. The Easiest question types are the ones where you spend less time reading. For example, the Matching Heading question type is an easier one because you only need to find the heading that best describes the main idea of a paragraph. An example of a difficult question type would be Identifying Information. For this question type, you'll need to read each paragraph to find out if each statement is TRUE, FALSE, or NOT GIVEN according to the passage.

    Here is a table that lists the difficulty levels for each question type. Use this table as a reference when choosing which question type you want to tackle first.

    Difficulty level Question Type
    Easy Sentence Completion
    Short answer
    Medium Matching Features
    Multiple choice
    Matching Headings
    Summary, Table, Flow-Chart Completion
    Difficult Matching Sentence Endings
    Matching Information
    Identifying Information (TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN)
    Identifying Viewer's claims (YES/NO/NOT GIVEN)

  2. Step 2: Read for an objective

    After you've read the questions for the passage, you will be able to read for an objective. What does this mean? For example, if you come across a question that includes the year "1896", you can make a note of when this year comes up in the text, using it to answer the question later on. There are two reading techniques that will help you stay on track with reading for an objective. The first one, skimming, is best defined as reading fast in order to get the "gist", or general idea, or a passage. With this technique, you are not stopping for any unfamiliar words or looking for specific details. The second technique, scanning, is best defined as reading for specific information. With this technique, you are not reading for the overall gist, but rather, specific information. Notice how each of these techniques has a specific objective in mind. This will help you find information more quickly.

  3. Step 3: Take notes

    As you're reading for an objective, you should also be making notes on the margins of the passage, placing stars next to key information, or underlining things that you believe will help you answer the various questions. This will make it easier for you to check back when you are asked certain things in the questions. Choose whichever note-taking system is right for you - just make sure you do it!

  4. Step 4: Answer wisely

    After you've read the questions, read the passage, and have taken any appropriate notes, you you should have located the part of the text where you where you need to read carefully. Then just read carefully and think critically to determine the correct answer.

IELTS Reading Question Types

The IELTS reading test contains many different question types:

Matching HeadingsIELTS Reading Lesson: Matching Headings
Matching InformationIELTS Reading Lesson: Matching Information
Matching FeaturesIELTS Reading Lesson: Matching Features
Summary CompletionIELTS Reading Lesson: Summary Completion
Identifying InformationIELTS Reading Lesson: Identifying Information
Identifying Writer's claimsIELTS Reading Lesson: Identifying Writer's claims
Multiple ChoiceIELTS Reading Lesson: Multiple Choice
Short AnswerIELTS Reading Lesson: Short Answer
Match Sentence EndingIELTS Reading Lesson: Match Sentence Ending
Sentence CompletionIELTS Reading Lesson: Sentence Completion
Table CompletionIELTS Reading Lesson: Table Completion
 
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