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Práctica de lectura del TOEFL : realiza una prueba de lectura TOEFL gratuita con respuestas y descubre los nuevos tipos de preguntas de lectura

En esta guía encontrarás una prueba de lectura TOEFL 2026 gratuita con respuestas, numerosas preguntas de práctica y la información que necesitas sobre las 3 nuevas tareas y los 9 tipos de preguntas de lectura, para ayudarte a prepararte con éxito para tu examen de lectura del TOEFL. Esta página reúne todo lo que necesitas saber y las habilidades esenciales para obtener una puntuación alta en la sección de lectura.

Para empezar, si quieres hacer una prueba gratuita de reading de TOEFL o simplemente tienes curiosidad por saber cómo es hacer un examen oficial de reading de TOEFL, haz clic en el botón de abajo.

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TOEFL Preguntas de práctica de reading - Completa las palabras

Simulacro 1 - 12
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Simulacro 13 - 24
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Simulacro 25 - 36
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Simulacro 37 - 48
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Simulacro 49 - 60
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Simulacro 61 - 72
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Simulacro 73 - 84
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Simulacro 85 - 96
Simulacro 85 Simulacro 86 Simulacro 87 Simulacro 88 Simulacro 89 Simulacro 90 Simulacro 91 Simulacro 92 Simulacro 93 Simulacro 94 Simulacro 95 Simulacro 96

Simulacro 97 - 108
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Simulacro 109 - 120
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Simulacro 121 - 132
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Simulacro 133 - 144
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Simulacro 145 - 156
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Simulacro 157 - 168
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Simulacro 169 - 180
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Simulacro 181 - 192
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Simulacro 193 - 204
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Simulacro 205 - 216
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Simulacro 217 - 228
Simulacro 217 Simulacro 218 Simulacro 219 Simulacro 220 Simulacro 221 Simulacro 222 Simulacro 223 Simulacro 224

TOEFL Preguntas de práctica de reading - Lectura en la vida diaria

Simulacro 1 - 12
Simulacro 1 Simulacro 2 Simulacro 3 Simulacro 4 Simulacro 5 Simulacro 6 Simulacro 7 Simulacro 8 Simulacro 9 Simulacro 10 Simulacro 11 Simulacro 12

Simulacro 13 - 24
Simulacro 13 Simulacro 14 Simulacro 15 Simulacro 16 Simulacro 17 Simulacro 18 Simulacro 19 Simulacro 20 Simulacro 21 Simulacro 22 Simulacro 23 Simulacro 24

Simulacro 25 - 36
Simulacro 25 Simulacro 26 Simulacro 27 Simulacro 28 Simulacro 29 Simulacro 30 Simulacro 31 Simulacro 32 Simulacro 33 Simulacro 34 Simulacro 35 Simulacro 36

Simulacro 37 - 48
Simulacro 37 Simulacro 38 Simulacro 39 Simulacro 40 Simulacro 41 Simulacro 42 Simulacro 43 Simulacro 44 Simulacro 45 Simulacro 46 Simulacro 47 Simulacro 48

Simulacro 49 - 60
Simulacro 49 Simulacro 50 Simulacro 51 Simulacro 52 Simulacro 53 Simulacro 54 Simulacro 55 Simulacro 56 Simulacro 57 Simulacro 58 Simulacro 59 Simulacro 60

Simulacro 61 - 72
Simulacro 61 Simulacro 62 Simulacro 63 Simulacro 64 Simulacro 65 Simulacro 66 Simulacro 67 Simulacro 68 Simulacro 69 Simulacro 70 Simulacro 71 Simulacro 72

Simulacro 73 - 84
Simulacro 73 Simulacro 74 Simulacro 75 Simulacro 76 Simulacro 77 Simulacro 78 Simulacro 79 Simulacro 80 Simulacro 81 Simulacro 82 Simulacro 83 Simulacro 84

Simulacro 85 - 96
Simulacro 85 Simulacro 86 Simulacro 87 Simulacro 88 Simulacro 89 Simulacro 90 Simulacro 91 Simulacro 92 Simulacro 93 Simulacro 94 Simulacro 95 Simulacro 96

Simulacro 97 - 108
Simulacro 97 Simulacro 98 Simulacro 99 Simulacro 100 Simulacro 101 Simulacro 102 Simulacro 103 Simulacro 104 Simulacro 105 Simulacro 106 Simulacro 107 Simulacro 108

Simulacro 109 - 120
Simulacro 109 Simulacro 110 Simulacro 111 Simulacro 112 Simulacro 113 Simulacro 114 Simulacro 115 Simulacro 116 Simulacro 117 Simulacro 118 Simulacro 119 Simulacro 120

Simulacro 121 - 132
Simulacro 121 Simulacro 122 Simulacro 123 Simulacro 124 Simulacro 125 Simulacro 126 Simulacro 127 Simulacro 128 Simulacro 129 Simulacro 130 Simulacro 131 Simulacro 132

Simulacro 133 - 144
Simulacro 133 Simulacro 134 Simulacro 135 Simulacro 136 Simulacro 137 Simulacro 138 Simulacro 139 Simulacro 140 Simulacro 141 Simulacro 142 Simulacro 143 Simulacro 144

Simulacro 145 - 156
Simulacro 145 Simulacro 146 Simulacro 147 Simulacro 148 Simulacro 149 Simulacro 150 Simulacro 151 Simulacro 152 Simulacro 153 Simulacro 154 Simulacro 155 Simulacro 156

Simulacro 157 - 168
Simulacro 157 Simulacro 158 Simulacro 159 Simulacro 160 Simulacro 161 Simulacro 162 Simulacro 163 Simulacro 164 Simulacro 165 Simulacro 166 Simulacro 167 Simulacro 168

Simulacro 169 - 180
Simulacro 169 Simulacro 170 Simulacro 171 Simulacro 172 Simulacro 173 Simulacro 174 Simulacro 175 Simulacro 176 Simulacro 177 Simulacro 178 Simulacro 179 Simulacro 180

Simulacro 181 - 192
Simulacro 181 Simulacro 182 Simulacro 183 Simulacro 184 Simulacro 185 Simulacro 186 Simulacro 187 Simulacro 188 Simulacro 189 Simulacro 190 Simulacro 191 Simulacro 192

Simulacro 193 - 204
Simulacro 193 Simulacro 194 Simulacro 195 Simulacro 196 Simulacro 197 Simulacro 198 Simulacro 199 Simulacro 200 Simulacro 201 Simulacro 202 Simulacro 203 Simulacro 204

Simulacro 205 - 216
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Simulacro 217 - 228
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TOEFL Preguntas de práctica de reading - Lectura de pasaje académico

Simulacro 1 - 12
Simulacro 1 Simulacro 2 Simulacro 3 Simulacro 4 Simulacro 5 Simulacro 6 Simulacro 7 Simulacro 8 Simulacro 9 Simulacro 10 Simulacro 11 Simulacro 12

Simulacro 13 - 24
Simulacro 13 Simulacro 14 Simulacro 15 Simulacro 16 Simulacro 17 Simulacro 18 Simulacro 19 Simulacro 20 Simulacro 21 Simulacro 22 Simulacro 23 Simulacro 24

Simulacro 25 - 36
Simulacro 25 Simulacro 26 Simulacro 27 Simulacro 28 Simulacro 29 Simulacro 30 Simulacro 31 Simulacro 32 Simulacro 33 Simulacro 34 Simulacro 35 Simulacro 36

Simulacro 37 - 48
Simulacro 37 Simulacro 38 Simulacro 39 Simulacro 40 Simulacro 41 Simulacro 42 Simulacro 43 Simulacro 44 Simulacro 45 Simulacro 46 Simulacro 47 Simulacro 48

Simulacro 49 - 60
Simulacro 49 Simulacro 50 Simulacro 51 Simulacro 52 Simulacro 53 Simulacro 54 Simulacro 55 Simulacro 56 Simulacro 57 Simulacro 58 Simulacro 59 Simulacro 60

Simulacro 61 - 72
Simulacro 61 Simulacro 62 Simulacro 63 Simulacro 64 Simulacro 65 Simulacro 66 Simulacro 67 Simulacro 68 Simulacro 69 Simulacro 70 Simulacro 71 Simulacro 72

Simulacro 73 - 84
Simulacro 73 Simulacro 74 Simulacro 75 Simulacro 76 Simulacro 77 Simulacro 78 Simulacro 79 Simulacro 80 Simulacro 81 Simulacro 82 Simulacro 83 Simulacro 84

Simulacro 85 - 96
Simulacro 85 Simulacro 86 Simulacro 87 Simulacro 88 Simulacro 89 Simulacro 90 Simulacro 91 Simulacro 92 Simulacro 93 Simulacro 94 Simulacro 95 Simulacro 96

Simulacro 97 - 108
Simulacro 97 Simulacro 98 Simulacro 99 Simulacro 100 Simulacro 101 Simulacro 102 Simulacro 103 Simulacro 104 Simulacro 105 Simulacro 106 Simulacro 107 Simulacro 108

Simulacro 109 - 120
Simulacro 109 Simulacro 110 Simulacro 111 Simulacro 112 Simulacro 113 Simulacro 114 Simulacro 115 Simulacro 116 Simulacro 117 Simulacro 118 Simulacro 119 Simulacro 120

Simulacro 121 - 132
Simulacro 121 Simulacro 122 Simulacro 123 Simulacro 124 Simulacro 125 Simulacro 126 Simulacro 127 Simulacro 128 Simulacro 129 Simulacro 130 Simulacro 131 Simulacro 132

Simulacro 133 - 144
Simulacro 133 Simulacro 134 Simulacro 135 Simulacro 136 Simulacro 137 Simulacro 138 Simulacro 139 Simulacro 140 Simulacro 141 Simulacro 142 Simulacro 143 Simulacro 144

Simulacro 145 - 156
Simulacro 145 Simulacro 146 Simulacro 147 Simulacro 148 Simulacro 149 Simulacro 150 Simulacro 151 Simulacro 152 Simulacro 153 Simulacro 154 Simulacro 155 Simulacro 156

Simulacro 157 - 168
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Tabla de contenido

Introducción al TOEFL Reading

La sección de lectura es la primera sección del examen TOEFL iBT. Está dividida en dos módulos y consta de una serie de tareas de lectura breves. La sección incluye aproximadamente de 35 a 48 preguntas puntuadas y debe completarse dentro de un límite de tiempo total de aproximadamente 20 a 30 minutos. El segundo módulo es adaptativo, lo que significa que su dificultad está determinada por su desempeño en el primer módulo.

Dentro de cada módulo de la sección de Lectura, puede omitir preguntas y volver a ellas antes de continuar. Una vez que se completa un módulo, no puede volver a etapas anteriores.

Tipos de tareas de lectura
  • Completar las palabras: Textos académicos breves en los que faltan partes de palabras. Debes completar cada palabra correctamente según el contexto circundante.
  • Leer en la vida diaria: textos breves de la vida real, como mensajes, avisos, correos electrónicos o publicaciones en línea, seguidos de preguntas de comprensión.
  • Lea un pasaje académico: pasajes académicos breves, generalmente de entre 150 y 250 palabras, seguidos de preguntas sobre ideas principales, detalles, vocabulario y relaciones lógicas.
Nivel de dificultad de lectura

El nivel de dificultad de la sección de Lectura varía desde el inglés práctico y cotidiano hasta el lenguaje que se encuentra comúnmente en los cursos introductorios de nivel universitario. Las exigencias de vocabulario, estructura de oraciones y lectura aumentan a medida que la dificultad de la tarea se adapta a su desempeño.

Preguntas de muestra del nuevo TOEFL Reading

Complete The Words Sample Task
Coral reefs are one of the most diverse marine ecosystems on Earth, home to thousands of species of fish, invertebrates, and plants. Built b tiny ani called coral polyps, th reefs gr slowly ov time b forming ha calcium carbonate skele. Coral reefs thr in wa, shallow waters and depend on a symbiotic relationship with algae called zooxanthellae, which live inside the coral and provide it with energy through photosynthesis. Threats such as rising ocean temperatures, pollution, and overfishing can lead to coral bleaching and the decline of these vital underwater habitats.

  • spellcheck Answers
    1. y
    2. mal
    3. ese
    4. ow
    5. er
    6. y
    7. rd
    8. tons
    9. ive
    10. rm

Read In Daily Life Sample Task
1. What is the main purpose of this email?
  1. To confirm the user's subscription
  2. To confirm the user's unsubscription
  3. To offer a discount for resubscribing
  4. To promote a new product launch
2. Which of the following best infers why the sender included a resubscribe option?
  1. To comply with anti-spam laws
  2. To track user engagement
  3. To reduce subscription costs
  4. To retain users who unsubscribed unintentionally

  • spellcheck Answers
    1. B
    2. D
Hello,

You have successfully unsubscribed from our newsletter. We're sorry to see you go, but we respect your decision. You will no longer receive updates, promotions, or news from us. If this was a mistake or you change your mind, you can resubscribe anytime through our website.

Thank you for being with us.

Academic Passages Sample Task
1. The word "pervasive" in the passage is closest in meaning to
  1. widespread
  2. confusing
  3. unpredictable
  4. restricted
2. According to paragraph 1, where does bioluminescence reach its greatest intensity in the oceans?
  1. Near the shoreline where plankton are found
  2. In the aphotic zones where sunlight is absent
  3. Around the surface during daylight
  4. On the ocean floor above hydrothermal vents
3. Click on the sentence in paragraph 2 that explains how animals produce bioluminescence with the help of other living organisms.
  1. Although the precise chemistry varies among groups, most bioluminescent reactions follow a common pattern.
  2. The enzyme luciferase catalyzes the oxidation of a small molecule called luciferin, releasing energy as photons.
  3. Some animals package the reactants in dedicated organs, while others rely on symbiotic bacteria that perform the reaction externally.
  4. Because the process generates little heat, it is far more efficient than the incandescent bulbs invented by humans.
4. Why does the author mention that the bioluminescent process generates little heat?
  1. To show it is safer than human inventions
  2. To emphasize its efficiency compared to light bulbs
  3. To claim marine life evolved to avoid damage
  4. To argue energy is lost in the process
5. All of the following are ways marine species use bioluminescence EXCEPT
  1. creating distractions to escape danger
  2. eliminating shadows for camouflage
  3. secretly communicating with their own kind
  4. attracting prey with bright red light

  • spellcheck Answers
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. B
    5. D
The Ocean’s Living Lights

From flickering plankton near the shoreline to the steady glow of deep-sea anglerfish, bioluminescence is a pervasive feature of the oceans. Scientists estimate that more than three-quarters of marine species can generate light, yet the phenomenon is unevenly distributed: it reaches its peak in the aphotic, or lightless, zones where sunlight never penetrates. There, flashes and glimmers replace vision based on reflected light.

Although the precise chemistry varies among groups, most bioluminescent reactions follow a common pattern. The enzyme luciferase catalyzes the oxidation of a small molecule called luciferin, releasing energy as photons. Some animals package the reactants in dedicated organs, while others rely on symbiotic bacteria that perform the reaction externally. Because the process generates little heat, it is far more efficient than the incandescent bulbs invented by humans.

The light serves multiple ecological purposes. Deep-sea shrimp eject luminous clouds to distract predators, squid use it for counter-illumination to erase their shadows, and a few fish emit rare red wavelengths to communicate in secrecy because most marine eyes are blind to red. Beyond ecology, the same chemistry is guiding technological innovation: researchers insert the luciferase gene into cells to track tumors in live mice and to develop low-energy medical imaging devices. Thus, studying glowing creatures illuminates both ocean life and human health.

Nuevos tipos de preguntas del TOEFL Reading

Aunque los pasajes de lectura pueden ser difíciles de entender, no es necesario que los entiendas todos. Al aprender estrategias para cada tipo de pregunta de lectura, puede obtener una puntuación alta en el TOEFL sin comprender completamente el pasaje completo. Lo primero que debes aprender son los diferentes tipos de preguntas de lectura del TOEFL.

Los 9 tipos de preguntas del TOEFL Reading

Las preguntas de lectura del TOEFL se pueden dividir en 9 tipos diferentes de preguntas de lectura:

  1. Detalle
  2. Propósito esencial
  3. Propósito retórico
  4. Inferencia
  5. Información fáctica negativa
  6. Vocabulario
  7. Organización
  8. Seleccionar en Pasaje
  9. Completa las palabras

Nuestras lecciones integrales abordarán cada uno de estos tipos de preguntas en detalle. Para verlos, cree una cuenta gratuita y comience su prueba gratuita de 7 días.

A continuación encontrará ejemplos de preguntas para cada tipo de pregunta de lectura del TOEFL.

Detail Question
Which of the following is mentioned as an example of a governmental nudge?
  1. Placing fruit at eye level in a cafeteria
  2. Automatically enrolling citizens in pension plans
  3. Publishing nutrition labels on packaged food
  4. Imposing fines for late tax payments

Detail Question
Detail questions ask about information that is clearly stated in the passage. The correct answer is explicitly mentioned (not implied), often as a specific fact, number, or description.
  • spellcheck Answer
    Answer: B

    (B) The correct answer is automatically enrolling citizens in pension plans. Paragraph 2 notes that governments "automatically enroll citizens in pension plans while still allowing them to opt out," explicitly naming this as a governmental nudge.

    (A) Placing fruit at eye level in a cafeteria is incorrect because the passage presents it as a general example of a nudge, not specifically a government action.

    (C) Publishing nutrition labels on packaged food is incorrect; the passage never mentions this practice.

    (D) Imposing fines for late tax payments is incorrect because fines are a coercive penalty, not a subtle nudge, and they are not mentioned in the text.
[1] In 2008, behavioral economists Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein popularized the idea of the “nudge,” a subtle change in the choice architecture that steers people toward a desired behavior without removing alternatives. Placing fruit at eye-level in a cafeteria, for example, can increase healthy eating because the human brain tends to select the most salient​ option.

[2] The intellectual roots of the nudge trace back to prospect theory, which shows that people systematically deviate from the purely rational model assumed by classical economics. Loss aversion, status-quo bias, and limited self-control make individuals responsive to small contextual cues. Governments have therefore created specialized “nudge units” that send text reminders about tax deadlines or automatically enroll citizens in pension plans while still allowing them to opt out. Studies report significant rises in compliance and saving rates at minimal cost.

[3] Critics warn, however, that nudging can become manipulative if the architect’s goals conflict with the chooser’s welfare. They argue for transparency and periodic evaluation to ensure that interventions remain ethical. Supporters counter that the environment is always influencing decisions, so intentionally designing it for public benefit is preferable to leaving it to chance or to commercial interests. As evidence accumulates, the debate centers less on whether nudges work and more on how, when, and by whom they should be deployed.

Gist Purpose Question
What is the main purpose of this post?
  1. To promote new workout classes
  2. To advertise a mental health book sale
  3. To announce a free community event focused on mental health
  4. To recruit new members for the studio

Gist Purpose Question
Gist purpose questions ask why the passage (or an entire section of it) was written. The correct answer expresses the author’s overall goal, not a small detail.
  • spellcheck Answer
    Answer: C

    (C) The correct answer is to announce a free community event focused on mental health. In paragraph 1, the post says, "we are launching a Monthly Mental Health Talk Series ... These free sessions will be held on the last Wednesday of each month at 6:00 p.m. ... and are open to both members and non-members." This wording shows the main purpose is to inform the community about a free mental-health-centered event.

    (A) 'To promote new workout classes' is incorrect because the passage never mentions any exercise or fitness classes; it focuses exclusively on mental health talks.

    (B) 'To advertise a mental health book sale' is incorrect; there is no reference to books or sales in either paragraph.

    (D) 'To recruit new members for the studio' is incorrect; although non-members are welcome, the text does not aim to persuade people to join the studio but rather to attend the talks.
Community well-being goes beyond physical fitness. At Horizon Wellness Studio, we are launching a Monthly Mental Health Talk Series in collaboration with local therapists and counselors. These free sessions will be held on the last Wednesday of each month at 6:00 p.m. in our community room and are open to both members and non-members.

Topics will include stress management, mindfulness, work-life balance, and establishing healthy routines. Our goal is to create a safe and welcoming space where open dialogue and shared experiences can support mental and emotional health in our neighborhood.

Rhetorical Purpose Question
What is the author's purpose in mentioning "snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles" in paragraph 3?
  1. To prove that dinosaurs could not survive because they were endothermic
  2. To question whether climate change tied to sea levels is enough to explain dinosaur extinction
  3. To list examples of animals that were better at producing internal body heat than dinosaurs
  4. To argue that reptiles were unaffected by climate change during the Cretaceous

Rhetorical Purpose Question
Rhetorical purpose questions ask why the author included a specific detail, example, or phrase. The answer is not stated directly. You must connect the referenced detail to the paragraph’s main point. You will often see wording like: Why does the author mention ___?
  • spellcheck Answer
    Answer: B

    The author mentions surviving reptiles to challenge the idea that climate change alone caused dinosaur extinction. If other cold-blooded animals survived extreme temperatures, then climate shifts tied to sea levels may not fully explain why dinosaurs disappeared.
[3] However, if this were accurate, how did ectothermic species such as snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles persist through the icy winters and sweltering summers? These animals are dependent on the environmental conditions to maintain a habitable body temperature. It's perplexing why these creatures weren't impacted, yet dinosaurs were rendered too incapacitated to manage, especially considering the theory posited by some scholars that dinosaurs were endothermic. Detractors also emphasize that the shallow seaways had alternately retreated from and advanced towards the continents numerous times throughout the Mesozoic, so why were the dinosaurs able to survive the climatic shifts related to the earlier variations, but not this one? The theory of a simple climatic alteration tied to sea levels, although initially compelling, fails to thoroughly explain all the available data.

Vocabulary Question
The word “liberate” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
  1. protect
  2. measure
  3. observe
  4. release

Vocabulary Question
In a vocabulary question, you choose the answer closest in meaning to a highlighted word or phrase as it is used in the passage. Focus on the sentence meaning and nearby context, not only the dictionary definition.
  • spellcheck Answers
    Answer: D

    (D) The correct answer is release. In paragraph 1, the sentence reads, "photons transfer their energy to electrons inside the material, freeing them from their atomic bonds." The verb "freeing" shows that the photons cause electrons to be set loose; therefore, "liberate" is closest in meaning to "release."

    (A) "Protect" is incorrect because protecting means keeping something safe or shielding it, which is the opposite of freeing electrons from their bonds.

    (B) "Measure" is incorrect; measuring concerns quantifying or gauging, which does not match the idea of electrons being set free.

    (C) "Observe" is incorrect because observing involves watching or monitoring, not causing electrons to escape their bonds.
[1] Solar photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity by manipulating the behavior of photons, the energy packets that make up light. When sunlight strikes a silicon-based cell, photons transfer their energy to electrons inside the material, freeing them from their atomic bonds. This process, called the photoelectric effect, was first explained by Albert Einstein and underpins all modern solar technology. However, only photons carrying the right amount of energy can liberate​ electrons; the rest pass through or become heat.

Negative Factual Information Question
All of the following contributed to a stable ancient Martian hydrological cycle EXCEPT
  1. hydrogen from volcanic eruptions
  2. pressure from a dense atmosphere
  3. carbon dioxide and hydrogen combination
  4. intense sunlight from the young Sun

Negative Factual Information Question
You can recognize a negative factual information question by the word NOT or EXCEPT. The correct answer is the choice that is not supported by the paragraph.
  • spellcheck Answer
    Answer: D

    (D) The correct answer is intense sunlight from the young Sun. Paragraph 2 notes that "These gases would have allowed the young Sun’s weaker light to maintain a stable hydrological cycle." Because the sunlight was weaker, not intense, it could not have been a contributing factor; therefore, option d is the exception.

    (A) Hydrogen from volcanic eruptions is incorrect as an exception because paragraph 2 explicitly says "small amounts of hydrogen, released by volcanic eruptions and meteor impacts, may have combined with CO₂ to amplify the greenhouse effect," meaning it did contribute.

    (B) Pressure from a dense atmosphere is not the exception; paragraph 1 states that "early Mars possessed a dense atmosphere rich in greenhouse gases that trapped solar heat," which helped sustain surface water.

    (C) The combination of carbon dioxide and hydrogen clearly aided the greenhouse effect as stated in paragraph 2, so it is not the factor that failed to support the hydrological cycle.
[1] Scientists have long been puzzled by evidence that rivers once criss-crossed the surface of Mars. To carve such channels, the planet must have been warm enough for liquid water, yet today Mars is a frozen desert. One explanation is that early Mars possessed a dense atmosphere rich in greenhouse gases that trapped solar heat. Clues about this vanished air are preserved in mineral deposits and isotopic ratios measured by orbiters.

[2] Research using climate models indicates that carbon dioxide alone could not have sustained temperatures above the freezing point. Instead, small amounts of hydrogen, released by volcanic eruptions and meteor impacts, may have combined with CO₂ to amplify the greenhouse effect. These gases would have allowed the young Sun’s weaker light to maintain a stable hydrological cycle, producing rain, lakes, and the deltas now observed by rovers.

[3] The question, then, is why this clement climate faded. Most scientists think the solar wind gradually stripped the Martian atmosphere after the planet’s global magnetic field shut down. Without magnetic shielding, lightweight molecules escaped into space, thinning the air and ending the warm era. Understanding this transition is not merely historical curiosity; it guides the search for habitable exoplanets whose atmospheres may likewise be vulnerable to stellar winds.

Inference Question
What can be inferred about workers who combine autonomy with high income in the gig economy?
  1. They experience greater job security due to strong networks and savings.
  2. They depend on gigs as their only source of income.
  3. They are mostly recent immigrants to the country.
  4. They are subject to more customer biases than other groups.

Inference Question
In an inference question, the correct answer is not directly stated. You must draw a logical conclusion based on information in the paragraph.
  • spellcheck Answer
    Answer: A

    (A) The correct answer is they experience greater job security due to strong networks and savings. Paragraph 2 states: 'Workers possessing valued skills, strong professional networks, and emergency savings can use gigs strategically, combining autonomy with high income,' suggesting these resources help them achieve more stability and success.

    (B) 'They depend on gigs as their only source of income' is incorrect; the passage contrasts strategic users of gigs (who combine gigs with autonomy and high income) with those who rely on gigs as their main livelihood, usually more marginalized populations.

    (C) 'They are mostly recent immigrants to the country' is incorrect as the passage specifies that marginalized groups such as immigrants usually bear the full weight of instability, not the group described here.

    (D) 'They are subject to more customer biases than other groups' is incorrect. The passage notes customer biases negatively impact marginalized workers, not well-networked, high-income gig workers.
[1] Rideshare drivers delivering food late at night, freelance designers bidding for global projects, and neighbors renting spare bedrooms all participate in what sociologists describe as the “gig economy.” This labor model is distinguished by short-term contracts arranged through digital platforms rather than long-standing employment relationships. Because barriers to entry appear low—a car, a laptop, or a smartphone often suffice—the gig economy is frequently celebrated as democratizing work. Yet, contemporary research emphasizes that such flexibility is paired with precariousness; earnings fluctuate, benefits are scarce, and legal protections are ambiguous.

[2] The stratifying effects of the gig economy become visible when examining who can actually thrive within it. Workers possessing valued skills, strong professional networks, and emergency savings can use gigs strategically, combining autonomy with high income. By contrast, individuals already marginalized in traditional labor markets—immigrants, racial minorities, and the formerly incarcerated—often rely on gigs as their primary livelihood and thus bear the full weight of instability. Digital rating systems intensify these inequalities. A single low score can sharply reduce future job offers, and studies show that customer biases regarding accent, gender, and even profile pictures seep into supposedly objective algorithms. Consequently, platforms may reproduce offline hierarchies in a new technological guise.

[3] Debates about regulating the gig economy reveal competing sociological visions of work and citizenship. Some scholars advocate extending the welfare state—mandating minimum pay rates, portable benefits, and collective bargaining rights—to mitigate the precarious nature of platform labor. Others warn that heavy regulation could stifle the very flexibility that attracts both workers and consumers. A third perspective urges focusing on data transparency, arguing that opening algorithmic “black boxes” would allow researchers and policymakers to detect discrimination and design targeted interventions. Ultimately, the gig economy serves as a social laboratory, forcing societies to confront classic questions about inequality, security, and the meaning of decent work in digital capitalism.

Organization Question
How does paragraph 3 relate to paragraph 2?
  1. Paragraph 3 provides statistical evidence supporting claims in paragraph 2.
  2. Paragraph 3 presents objections to the applications described in paragraph 2.
  3. Paragraph 3 introduces historical background for concepts in paragraph 2.
  4. Paragraph 3 repeats examples from paragraph 2 without adding new information.

Organization Question
Organization questions ask you to understand how ideas are arranged or connected within a passage. They may focus on how information is ordered or how one paragraph relates to another.
  • spellcheck Answer
    Answer: D

    (D) The correct answer is prominent. In paragraph 1, the passage states that "the human brain tends to select the most salient option," meaning the option that stands out the most. "Prominent" shares this idea of standing out or being highly noticeable, making it the closest synonym.

    (A) "Disputed" is incorrect because it refers to something that is argued about or contested, which does not relate to the idea of standing out.

    (B) "Nutritious" is incorrect since it describes food that provides nourishment and does not convey the meaning of visibility or noticeability.

    (C) "Distant" is incorrect as it refers to something far away in space or time, unrelated to the sense of being attention-grabbing or noticeable.
[1] In 2008, behavioral economists Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein popularized the idea of the “nudge,” a subtle change in the choice architecture that steers people toward a desired behavior without removing alternatives. Placing fruit at eye-level in a cafeteria, for example, can increase healthy eating because the human brain tends to select the most salient​ option.

[2] The intellectual roots of the nudge trace back to prospect theory, which shows that people systematically deviate from the purely rational model assumed by classical economics. Loss aversion, status-quo bias, and limited self-control make individuals responsive to small contextual cues. Governments have therefore created specialized “nudge units” that send text reminders about tax deadlines or automatically enroll citizens in pension plans while still allowing them to opt out. Studies report significant rises in compliance and saving rates at minimal cost.

[3] Critics warn, however, that nudging can become manipulative if the architect’s goals conflict with the chooser’s welfare. They argue for transparency and periodic evaluation to ensure that interventions remain ethical. Supporters counter that the environment is always influencing decisions, so intentionally designing it for public benefit is preferable to leaving it to chance or to commercial interests. As evidence accumulates, the debate centers less on whether nudges work and more on how, when, and by whom they should be deployed.

Select in Passage Question
Click on the sentence in paragraph 2 that describes how the movement of the jet stream affects weather conditions in Chicago.

Select in Passage Question
In a select in passage question, you click on the sentence in the passage that answers the question. The correct sentence must directly support the idea asked about, not just relate to the topic.
  • spellcheck Answer
    Answer: Sentence 'Thus, a single atmospheric ribbon helps determine whether Chicago experiences a heat wave or a blizzard.

    (D) The correct answer is 'Thus, a single atmospheric ribbon helps determine whether Chicago experiences a heat wave or a blizzard.' This is the fourth sentence of paragraph 2 and directly states how changes in the jet stream can result in either extremely hot or extremely cold weather in Chicago.

    (A) The first sentence explains where jet streams form and why they are strong, but does not mention weather in Chicago.

    (B) The second sentence talks about the general impact on weather systems but does not specifically refer to Chicago or provide a concrete example.

    (C) The third sentence describes the effects of northward and southward movement of the jet stream, but it discusses mid-latitude cities in general, not Chicago's specific weather outcomes.
[1] High above Earth's surface, narrow corridors of fast-moving air known as jet streams circle the globe at altitudes of about 10 to 15 kilometers. Discovered by military aviators during World War II, these winds can exceed 300 kilometers per hour. Commercial pilots still pay close attention to them today, timing routes to ride a favorable tailwind and save fuel while avoiding opposing currents that slow a flight.

[2] Jet streams form along the boundaries of warm and cold air masses, so they are strongest where temperature contrasts are greatest. As the current meanders​, it steers weather systems below, guiding storm tracks and influencing regional temperatures. When the polar jet arches northward, mild subtropical air can flood mid-latitude cities; when it plunges southward, frigid Arctic air follows. Thus, a single atmospheric ribbon helps determine whether Chicago experiences a heat wave or a blizzard.

Complete the Words
Coral reefs are one of the most diverse marine ecosystems on Earth, home to thousands of species of fish, invertebrates, and plants. Built b tiny ani called coral polyps, th reefs gr slowly ov time b forming ha calcium carbonate skele. Coral reefs thr in wa, shallow waters and depend on a symbiotic relationship with algae called zooxanthellae, which live inside the coral and provide it with energy through photosynthesis. Threats such as rising ocean temperatures, pollution, and overfishing can lead to coral bleaching and the decline of these vital underwater habitats.

Complete the Words Question
In this type of questions, you will see short academic texts in which parts of words are missing. You must complete each word correctly based on the surrounding context.
  • spellcheck Answer
    1. y
    2. mal
    3. ese
    4. ow
    5. er
    6. y
    7. rd
    8. tons
    9. ive
    10. rm

Cómo prepararse para el examen TOEFL Reading

La mayoría de los estudiantes no aprueban el examen TOEFL de Lectura por cualquiera de las dos razones siguientes

  1. Velocidad de lectura lenta
  2. Malas estrategias de lectura.
Cómo mejorar tu velocidad de lectura

Para mejorar tu velocidad de lectura, necesitas mejorar tu vocabulario y practicar. diseccionando oraciones. Una estrategia para diseccionar una oración es buscar el sujeto y el verbo de la oración. Encontrar el sujeto y el verbo te ayudará a comprender mejor la idea principal de dicha oración. Tenga en cuenta que una característica común de un pasaje de lectura del TOEFL es unir cadenas de ideas para formar oraciones compuestas largas. Esto produce grandes trozos que a los estudiantes les cuesta asimilar. No te dejes abrumar por su longitud, sólo busca el sujeto y el verbo, el resto de ideas fluirán. Aquí está nuestro artículo sobre "Cómo leer más rápido dividiendo frases largas". Si sigue los consejos y estrategias de este artículo, sabrá cómo leer más rápido y mejorar su puntuación de lectura del TOEFL). Alternativamente, puedes ver los siguientes 3 videos sobre cómo dividir oraciones largas.

Lección TOEFL Reading: cómo analizar oraciones largas, parte 1: desglose general
Lección TOEFL Reading: cómo analizar oraciones largas, parte 2: convertir oraciones largas en cortas
Lección TOEFL Reading: cómo analizar oraciones largas, parte 3: puntos de gramática

Otra desventaja de tener una velocidad de lectura lenta es que dificulta hojear o escanear un pasaje de lectura. El proceso de hojear rápidamente un pasaje de lectura en busca de palabras clave específicas o ideas principales es un requisito para usted. emplear estrategias de lectura exitosas para mejorar su puntaje de lectura TOEFL. En otras palabras, hojear es una habilidad fundamental para garantizar que complete todas las preguntas en el plazo asignado.

Cómo aplicar estrategias eficaces para el TOEFL Reading

Una vez que puedas leer y comprender un pasaje a un ritmo de al menos 180 palabras por minuto, estará listo para comenzar a implementar nuestras estrategias. Con demasiada frecuencia, los estudiantes dedican demasiado tiempo a leer el pasaje y no el suficiente a responder las preguntas. Con sólo aproximadamente 35 segundos por pregunta, la lectura eficiente es mucho más importante que la lectura lenta y detallada.

Hagamos los cálculos en el siguiente escenario:

  • Tres tipos de tareas: Completar las palabras, Leer en la vida diaria y Leer un pasaje académico.
  • Alrededor de entre 35 y 48 artículos en total
  • Textos extraídos de correos electrónicos/avisos/formularios y un extracto académico conciso
  • Aproximadamente 22 minutos para terminar la sección dependiendo de tu desempeño.

En la sección Lectura del TOEFL, verá varias tareas de lectura más breves y el examen está diseñado para que tenga aproximadamente 35 segundos por pregunta de término medio.

Debido a esto, no puede darse el lujo de leer lentamente o releer grandes porciones del texto. Cada pregunta debe ser manejada eficientemente dentro de ese ventana de 35 segundos.

Entonces sí, nuestra estrategia sigue siendo la misma idea: No intente comprender todo completamente antes de comenzar a responder. Lea con un propósito claro, localice la oración o idea exacta necesaria para la pregunta y continúe de inmediato.

Echemos un vistazo a la guía paso a paso para utilizar esta estrategia en las nuevas tareas de lectura del TOEFL.

  1. Lea con un objetivo, no para una comprensión total.
    Los pasajes de la sección de lectura del TOEFL son más cortos y cada pregunta le brinda información sobre 35 segundos de término medio. No leas despacio ni trates de entender cada detalle. Escanee rápidamente el texto para comprender el tema y la estructura, luego concéntrese solo en la parte necesario para responder la pregunta.
  2. Lectura centrada en preguntas.
    Lea la pregunta primero para saber qué información está buscando. Luego escanee el pasaje para localizar la oración o idea relevante. En las tareas de lectura breves, la respuesta suele encontrarse en una frase clara. Evite releer todo el texto.
  3. No te quedes estancado.
    Si una pregunta lleva demasiado tiempo, sáltala y continúa. Cada pregunta vale la misma cantidad de puntos y dedicar demasiado tiempo a una La pregunta puede perjudicar su puntuación general. Termine primero las preguntas más fáciles y luego vuelva a las más difíciles si el tiempo lo permite. (¿Quieres probar esta estrategia ahora? Realice una prueba simulada de lectura gratuita.)
Sistema de estudio en 3 pasos para el TOEFL Reading

Ahora debería tener una buena comprensión de la estructura de la prueba de la sección de lectura. y tener experiencia respondiendo preguntas de lectura utilizando la estrategia de sincronización de lectura. Es hora de comenzar tu preparación de lectura para el TOEFL. A continuación se muestra nuestro sistema de 3 pasos para prepararse para la sección de lectura del TOEFL.

Paso 1: Completa todas las lecciones de lectura del TOEFL

El paso 1 puede parecer obvio, pero es necesario. Debe completar todas nuestras lecciones de lectura TOEFL disponibles para usted. Específicamente, la estrategia y las técnicas de sincronización de lectura que se encuentran a lo largo de las lecciones de lectura. Estas técnicas le ayudarán a responder preguntas más rápido para tener más tiempo para pensar y disminuir los niveles de estrés. El estrés puede provocar un rendimiento deficiente, por lo que es importante que presente el examen preparado y con confianza.

Paso 2: ¡Practica, practica, practica!

Para el paso 2, practicará y aplicará las técnicas que aprendió utilizando nuestras prácticas de lectura TOEFL. Encontrarás todas nuestras prácticas de lectura en nuestro Banco de preguntas: Haz clic aquí para ir allí ahora. También puede utilizar nuestro software de prueba de simulación TOEFL para ayudar a mejorar aspectos como la gestión del tiempo y el estrés durante el examen TOEFL. Nuestro software de simulación de exámenes se ve y se siente idéntico a un examen TOEFL real. Ofrecemos 4 exámenes simulados TOEFL reservados y otros 15 exámenes de práctica no reservados. Las pruebas reservadas utilizan preguntas que no se encuentran en el banco de preguntas.

Cada vez que completes una práctica, nuestro software para instructores TOEFL realizará un seguimiento y registrará tu puntuación. y determina cuáles son tus fortalezas y debilidades en cada sección del TOEFL. También ofrecerá un cronograma de estudio basado en aquello en lo que necesita más ayuda.

Paso 3: aprender revisando

El paso 3 es el paso más importante. Necesitará dedicar mucho tiempo al paso 3 para mejorar. No hay ningún secreto para el éxito. Debes trabajar duro. Siga la lista a continuación para completar el paso 3:

  1. Revise y rehaga todas las preguntas en las que se equivocó, asegurándose de comprender por qué se equivocó.

    ¿Tiene problemas para entender por qué se equivocó en una pregunta?

    Pídale ayuda a uno de nuestros instructores de TOEFL utilizando nuestra función Pregunte a un instructor incluida con cada suscripción.

    Nuestra función Pregunte a un instructor le brinda la oportunidad de comunicarse con nuestros instructores de TOEFL. Puedes preguntarles cualquier cosa sobre TOEFL e inglés.

    Para hacer una pregunta, simplemente haga clic en el botón que se encuentra en cada pregunta del banco de preguntas. Nuestros instructores responderán su pregunta dentro de 1 a 3 días hábiles.
  2. Vuelva a leer los párrafos hasta que comprenda de qué se trata el pasaje.
  3. Escriba las palabras que no comprenda y aprenda lo que significan.
  4. Estudie y preste atención a las palabras de transición para ayudarle a aprender a identificar y crear relaciones entre oraciones.
  5. Si tiene dificultades con una categoría académica en particular, consulte y aprenda nuestra lista de vocabulario para esa categoría en particular. Si puedes, consigue algunas tarjetas de referencia y estúdialas todos los días. Más tarde, vuelva a la pregunta y descubrirá que ya no tiene problemas con ella.

Nuestras preguntas de práctica del TOEFL Reading

Nuestras preguntas de práctica de lectura del TOEFL fueron diseñadas para verse y sentirse idénticas al examen TOEFL oficial. Nos aseguramos de que todo fuera igual, incluida la dificultad, el formato e incluso el funcionamiento de la prueba. Si tiene curiosidad acerca de la cantidad de prácticas de lectura del TOEFL que tenemos, haga clic en el menú Práctica de TOEFL en nuestra Aplicación de tutoría de TOEFL y compruébelo usted mismo. También puedes Realizar un examen de simulación TOEFL gratuito ahora mismo.

La sección de lectura del TOEFL es la sección para la que es más fácil prepararse. Creemos que una vez que puedas dominar las estrategias de lectura mencionado anteriormente en este artículo y complete todas las prácticas de lectura TOEFL disponibles antes de su examen TOEFL, obtendrá Obtenga una puntuación alta en la sección de lectura del TOEFL.

Si necesita ayuda con el vocabulario para mejorar su velocidad de lectura, puede utilizar nuestro sistema de vocabulario que incluye:

  1. Listas de vocabulario TOEFL (Hay una minilección para cada vocabulario que le enseña cómo usar la palabra correctamente).
  2. Tarjetas de vocabulario TOEFL (lleve un registro de las palabras que conoce y las que no)
  3. Entrenamiento de vocabulario TOEFL (Ejercicios interactivos que aceleran el aprendizaje)
Qué sigue

Cree una cuenta gratuita para acceder a las siguientes lecciones básicas de lectura del TOEFL y comience su preparación para el TOEFL.

  • Introducción a la lectura del TOEFL
  • Estrategias de lectura del TOEFL para el éxito
  • Completa la pregunta de palabras
  • Pregunta detallada
  • Pregunta de propósito esencial
  • Pregunta de propósito retórico
  • Pregunta de inferencia
  • Pregunta de información factual
  • Información fáctica negativa
  • Pregunta de vocabulario
  • Pregunta de organización
  • Seleccionar en la pregunta del pasaje

Recursos gratuitos en inglés para el TOEFL Reading

Una sólida comprensión de lectura es fundamental para obtener una puntuación alta en el examen de lectura TOEFL. Utilizar nuestros recursos te ayudará a mejorar significativamente tus habilidades de lectura TOEFL, pero a veces es agradable sentarse y leer algo que no esté relacionado con TOEFL, como algo relajante que aún puede ayudarte a mejorar tu comprensión lectora general.

A continuación se muestran algunos recursos gratuitos increíbles que puede utilizar para entrenar y mantener sus habilidades de lectura TOEFL.

1. FluentU: 7 recursos sencillos de lectura en inglés

Este recurso no contiene ningún material para mejorar sus habilidades de lectura, pero lo que hace es proporcionar algunos recursos gratuitos de muy alta calidad que puedes utilizar para tu comprensión lectora. Para su información, deberá desplazarse un poco hacia abajo para llegar a la lista de recursos, pero vale la pena.

2. British Council: lee historias de nivel B2 con ejercicios

¿Has oído hablar del British Council? Ayudan a crear preguntas del examen IELTS. La página que te enlazo es una página de comprensión lectora. Al principio cuesta un poco encontrarla, así que lo que debes hacer es hacer clic en la revista o en las historias que se encuentran en la parte inferior izquierda. No tiene pérdida. No importa lo que elijas; ambas ofrecen la misma formación. Serás llevado a una nueva página donde podrás seleccionar la publicación que te interese. Dentro de ese post, podrás comenzar tu formación lectora.

3. ETS TOEFL: recursos TOEFL gratuitos y de pago

Nunca puedes equivocarte con la preparación de lectura oficial del TOEFL de los creadores del TOEFL. Desplázate hacia abajo y encontrarás algunos recursos gratuitos que seguramente te ayudarán a mejorar tu puntuación de lectura del TOEFL.

4. Wikipedia

Si hablamos de práctica de lectura del TOEFL, entonces Wikipedia merece un lugar. Básicamente, solo tiene recursos de lectura ilimitados de casi todos los temas de lectura que se te ocurran. Definitivamente tiene el 100% de los temas que aparecerán en tu examen de lectura TOEFL. Sin embargo, el único inconveniente es el La lectura puede ser un poco aburrida, pero si puedes convertirla en un ejercicio de entrenamiento de lectura, eso debería ayudarte a mantener tu atención.